See -ом on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-omja",
"word": "-омя"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-omen",
"word": "-омен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-omost",
"word": "-омост"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-omstvo",
"word": "-омство"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-omъ<id:participle>",
"id": "adv",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nBulgarian -ом",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "владоми",
"3": "",
"4": "subjects, subordinates",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nBulgarian -ом\nReflects the principal Proto-Slavic present passive ending *-omъ. Mostly unproductive in the colloquial speech, but reintroduced in the Standard language under the influence of Russian loanwords and the efforts of various \"purist\" movements (during the 18-20th century) for restoring grammatical features of Old Church Slavonic in Modern Bulgarian.\nIn rare occasions, the former participle may be fossilized as a noun, like in the case of Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”) (dated).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-aem",
"word": "-аем"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-vaem",
"word": "-ваем"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-uem",
"word": "-уем"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-im",
"word": "-им"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-jaem",
"word": "-яем"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "вям (vjam, “to be familiar with”) → ведом (vedom, “aware”)"
},
{
"text": "ям (jam, “to eat”) → ядом (jadom, “edible”) (obsolete)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-yQn4Oi7t",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "алча (alča, “to hunger for”) → лаком (lakom, “greedy”)"
},
{
"text": "Proto-Slavic *pisti (“to feed”) → *пита (*pita) → питом (pitom, “tamed, domesticated”)"
},
{
"text": "тека (teka, “to flow”) → теком (tekom, “flowable”) (obsolete)"
},
{
"text": "жежа (žeža, “to heat, to ignite”) → всежегом (vsežegom, “sacrificial”) (obsolete)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-8wSG011N",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"alt": "from present perfective participles, with dialectal decomposition of expected -щ- > -шк-",
"roman": "-eškom",
"word": "-ешком"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-omь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "сбогом",
"3": "",
"4": "goodbye"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. In the modern language, derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun. Sometimes, adverbs from former instrumental cases further get grammatisized into interjections, as in the case of Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”) (originally meaning with God).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "from yo-stem and i-stem nouns",
"word": "-ем"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "-oju",
"word": "-ою"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "from a-stem nouns",
"roman": "-am",
"translation": "from a-stem nouns",
"word": "-ам"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ред (red, “order”) → редом (redom, “along”)"
},
{
"text": "ход (hod, “walk”) → ходом (hodom, “by foot”)"
},
{
"text": "бяг (bjag, “run”) → бегом (begom, “by running”), набегом (nabegom, “energetically”)"
},
{
"text": "куп (kup, “bunch, pile”) → купом (kupom, “in block”), вкупом (vkupom, “together, as one”)"
},
{
"text": "род (rod, “kin”) → родом (rodom, “by origin, by birth”)"
},
{
"text": "кръг (krǎg, “circle”) → кръгом (krǎgom, “around, in the other direction”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine o-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-2DoE2zfl",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "средство (sredstvo, “mean, tool”) → посредством (posredstvom, “by means of”)"
},
{
"text": "писмо (pismo, “letter, writing”) → писмом (pismom, “in written form”)"
},
{
"text": "слово (slovo, “word, speech”) → словом (slovom, “in verbal form”)"
},
{
"text": "ребро (rebro, “rib”) → ребром (rebrom, “straightly”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from neuter o-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-HGhH06~U",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "чин (čin, “rank”) → чином (činom, “by rank”)"
},
{
"text": "мир (mir, “peace”) → миром (mirom, “in peace”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine u-stem nouns."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-Ml8F16es",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)",
"word": "-ою"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "група (grupa, “group”) → групом (grupom, “in group”)"
},
{
"text": "сила (sila, “strength, force”) → силом (silom, “by force”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ою (-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)"
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-ELASqQlO",
"links": [
[
"-ою",
"-ою#Bulgarian"
],
[
"-ам",
"-ам#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 15 16 15 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "цял (cjal, “whole, complete”) → цялом (cjalom, “overall”)"
},
{
"text": "скриш (skriš, “secretive”) → скришом (skrišom, “secretly”)"
},
{
"text": "прав (prav, “right, correct”) → правом (pravom, “rightly, correctly”)"
},
{
"text": "вървящ (vǎrvjašt, “walking”) → вървешком (vǎrveškom, “by walking”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forms adverbs depicting manner or way."
],
"id": "en--ом-bg-suffix-gjJBiyp3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-omъ<id:participle>",
"id": "adv",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nUkrainian -ом",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-omь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-om"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian -om",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ом"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ом (-om)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nUkrainian -ом\nFrom Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. Compare Upper Sorbian -om, Bulgarian, Russian -ом (-om).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "відати (vidaty, “to be aware”) → відо́мий (vidómyj, “known, famous”)"
},
{
"text": "зна́ти (znáty, “to know”) → зна́ний (znányj, “acknowledged”) → знайомий (znajomyj, “acquainted”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to present-tense verb to form participle. Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"id": "en--ом-uk-suffix-ZI8PEYl~",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Added to present-tense verb to form participle. Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "зникати (znykaty, “to vanish”) → зникомий (znykomyj, “vanishing, vanishable”)"
},
{
"text": "рухати (ruxaty, “to move”) → рухомий (ruxomyj, “moving, movable”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"id": "en--ом-uk-suffix-8wSG011N",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 7 11 11 11 6 10 12 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 7 7 7 4 7 8 4 16 19 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 19 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 22 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 25 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -ем (-em)"
},
{
"text": "слід (slid) + -ом (-om) → слідом (slidom, “next after”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adverbial, added to root-stem verbs, or nouns: derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun"
],
"id": "en--ом-uk-suffix-wjvbYK3C",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ою",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "semi-soft/soft-stem variant",
"4": "-ем",
"5": "j-stem variant",
"6": "-єм",
"7": "feminine",
"8": "-ою",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om) m (semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем, j-stem variant -єм, feminine -ою)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 7 7 7 4 7 8 4 16 19 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 8 8 8 5 8 8 2 10 23 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 21 39 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"_(non-ar/-j) instrumental singular of -∅ (zero suffix, indicates the hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of masculine second-declension)"
],
"id": "en--ом-uk-suffix-j-R--hEk",
"links": [
[
"-∅",
"-∅#Ukrainian:_masconly"
],
[
"zero suffix",
"zero suffix"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative#English"
],
[
"masculine second-declension",
"w:Ukrainian grammar#Second declension"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "semi-soft/soft-stem variant",
"4": "-ем",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om) n (semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "₋o, endings of hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of neuter second-declension",
"word": "₋о"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of ₋о (₋o, endings of hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of neuter second-declension)"
],
"id": "en--ом-uk-suffix-OXlcvOPr",
"links": [
[
"neuter",
"w:Ukrainian grammar#Second declension"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Bulgarian entries with etymology trees",
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "-omja",
"word": "-омя"
},
{
"roman": "-omen",
"word": "-омен"
},
{
"roman": "-omost",
"word": "-омост"
},
{
"roman": "-omstvo",
"word": "-омство"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-omъ<id:participle>",
"id": "adv",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nBulgarian -ом",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "владоми",
"3": "",
"4": "subjects, subordinates",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nBulgarian -ом\nReflects the principal Proto-Slavic present passive ending *-omъ. Mostly unproductive in the colloquial speech, but reintroduced in the Standard language under the influence of Russian loanwords and the efforts of various \"purist\" movements (during the 18-20th century) for restoring grammatical features of Old Church Slavonic in Modern Bulgarian.\nIn rare occasions, the former participle may be fossilized as a noun, like in the case of Bulgarian владоми pl (vladomi, “subjects, subordinates”) (dated).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "-aem",
"word": "-аем"
},
{
"roman": "-vaem",
"word": "-ваем"
},
{
"roman": "-uem",
"word": "-уем"
},
{
"roman": "-im",
"word": "-им"
},
{
"roman": "-jaem",
"word": "-яем"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "вям (vjam, “to be familiar with”) → ведом (vedom, “aware”)"
},
{
"text": "ям (jam, “to eat”) → ядом (jadom, “edible”) (obsolete)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "алча (alča, “to hunger for”) → лаком (lakom, “greedy”)"
},
{
"text": "Proto-Slavic *pisti (“to feed”) → *пита (*pita) → питом (pitom, “tamed, domesticated”)"
},
{
"text": "тека (teka, “to flow”) → теком (tekom, “flowable”) (obsolete)"
},
{
"text": "жежа (žeža, “to heat, to ignite”) → всежегом (vsežegom, “sacrificial”) (obsolete)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian suffixes",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "from present perfective participles, with dialectal decomposition of expected -щ- > -шк-",
"roman": "-eškom",
"word": "-ешком"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-omь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "сбогом",
"3": "",
"4": "goodbye"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. In the modern language, derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun. Sometimes, adverbs from former instrumental cases further get grammatisized into interjections, as in the case of Bulgarian сбогом (sbogom, “goodbye”) (originally meaning with God).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"roman": "from yo-stem and i-stem nouns",
"word": "-ем"
},
{
"roman": "-oju",
"word": "-ою"
},
{
"english": "from a-stem nouns",
"roman": "-am",
"translation": "from a-stem nouns",
"word": "-ам"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ред (red, “order”) → редом (redom, “along”)"
},
{
"text": "ход (hod, “walk”) → ходом (hodom, “by foot”)"
},
{
"text": "бяг (bjag, “run”) → бегом (begom, “by running”), набегом (nabegom, “energetically”)"
},
{
"text": "куп (kup, “bunch, pile”) → купом (kupom, “in block”), вкупом (vkupom, “together, as one”)"
},
{
"text": "род (rod, “kin”) → родом (rodom, “by origin, by birth”)"
},
{
"text": "кръг (krǎg, “circle”) → кръгом (krǎgom, “around, in the other direction”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine o-stem nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "средство (sredstvo, “mean, tool”) → посредством (posredstvom, “by means of”)"
},
{
"text": "писмо (pismo, “letter, writing”) → писмом (pismom, “in written form”)"
},
{
"text": "слово (slovo, “word, speech”) → словом (slovom, “in verbal form”)"
},
{
"text": "ребро (rebro, “rib”) → ребром (rebrom, “straightly”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from neuter o-stem nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "чин (čin, “rank”) → чином (činom, “by rank”)"
},
{
"text": "мир (mir, “peace”) → миром (mirom, “in peace”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forms adverbs depicting manner or way from masculine u-stem nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)",
"word": "-ою"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "група (grupa, “group”) → групом (grupom, “in group”)"
},
{
"text": "сила (sila, “strength, force”) → силом (silom, “by force”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ою (-oju), -ам (-am) (generalized from the o-stem formation)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ою",
"-ою#Bulgarian"
],
[
"-ам",
"-ам#Bulgarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "цял (cjal, “whole, complete”) → цялом (cjalom, “overall”)"
},
{
"text": "скриш (skriš, “secretive”) → скришом (skrišom, “secretly”)"
},
{
"text": "прав (prav, “right, correct”) → правом (pravom, “rightly, correctly”)"
},
{
"text": "вървящ (vǎrvjašt, “walking”) → вървешком (vǎrveškom, “by walking”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, forms adverbs depicting manner or way."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Ukrainian adverb-forming suffixes",
"Ukrainian entries referencing missing etymons",
"Ukrainian entries with etymology trees",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian suffix forms",
"Ukrainian suffixes",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-omъ<id:participle>",
"id": "adv",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nUkrainian -ом",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-omь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-omь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ъmь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ъmь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-om"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian -om",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ом"
},
"expansion": "Russian -ом (-om)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-omъ\nUkrainian -ом\nFrom Proto-Slavic *-omь or Proto-Slavic *-ъmь, instrumental endings of o-stem and u-stem nouns. Compare Upper Sorbian -om, Bulgarian, Russian -ом (-om).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "відати (vidaty, “to be aware”) → відо́мий (vidómyj, “known, famous”)"
},
{
"text": "зна́ти (znáty, “to know”) → зна́ний (znányj, “acknowledged”) → знайомий (znajomyj, “acquainted”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to present-tense verb to form participle. Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Added to present-tense verb to form participle. Deverbal from athematic verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity or proclevity."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "зникати (znykaty, “to vanish”) → зникомий (znykomyj, “vanishing, vanishable”)"
},
{
"text": "рухати (ruxaty, “to move”) → рухомий (ruxomyj, “moving, movable”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) Deverbal from root-stem verbs, forms adjectives expressing capacity and intrinsic property."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: -ем (-em)"
},
{
"text": "слід (slid) + -ом (-om) → слідом (slidom, “next after”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adverbial, added to root-stem verbs, or nouns: derivatives constructed with this suffix are interpreted as adverbs rather than an instrumental case of the base-noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian suffix forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ою",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "semi-soft/soft-stem variant",
"4": "-ем",
"5": "j-stem variant",
"6": "-єм",
"7": "feminine",
"8": "-ою",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om) m (semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем, j-stem variant -єм, feminine -ою)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian terms in nonstandard scripts"
],
"glosses": [
"_(non-ar/-j) instrumental singular of -∅ (zero suffix, indicates the hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of masculine second-declension)"
],
"links": [
[
"-∅",
"-∅#Ukrainian:_masconly"
],
[
"zero suffix",
"zero suffix"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative#English"
],
[
"masculine second-declension",
"w:Ukrainian grammar#Second declension"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian non-lemma forms",
"Ukrainian suffix forms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-om",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix form",
"3": "semi-soft/soft-stem variant",
"4": "-ем",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ом • (-om) n (semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "₋o, endings of hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of neuter second-declension",
"word": "₋о"
}
],
"glosses": [
"instrumental singular of ₋о (₋o, endings of hard-stem nouns' nominative singular of neuter second-declension)"
],
"links": [
[
"neuter",
"w:Ukrainian grammar#Second declension"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"instrumental",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ом"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ом meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем",
"path": [
"-ом"
],
"section": "Ukrainian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ом",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: j-stem variant -єм",
"path": [
"-ом"
],
"section": "Ukrainian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ом",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: semi-soft/soft-stem variant -ем",
"path": [
"-ом"
],
"section": "Ukrainian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ом",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.